Infección leve por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes vulnerables: implantación de una vía clínica de tratamiento precoz / Mild SARS-CoV-2 infection in vulnerable patients: Implementation of a clinical pathway for early treatment

Introducción: El objetivo del manuscrito es describir la vía clínica de tratamiento precoz de pacientes con infección aguda por SARS-CoV-2 y evaluar los primeros resultados de su implementación. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de la implementación de una vía clínica de tratamiento en pacientes no hospitalizados (del 1 de enero al 30 de junio de 2022). Elaboración de vía clínica: sistemas de detección y derivación desde Atención Primaria, Servicio de Urgencias, especialidades médicas y sistema de detección automatizada; evaluación clínica y administración de tratamiento en hospital de día COVID-19, y seguimiento clínico posterior. Variables explicativas: demográficas, comorbilidad, estado vacunal, vías de derivación y administración de tratamiento. Variables de resultado: hospitalización y muerte a los 30 días, toxicidad grado 2-3 relacionada con el tratamiento. Resultados: Se administró tratamiento a 262 pacientes (53,4% mujeres, mediana de edad 60 años). Criterio de indicación de tratamiento: inmunosupresión (68,3%), y la combinación de edad, estado vacunal y comorbilidad en el resto. El 47,3% de los pacientes recibieron remdesivir, el 35,9% nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, el 13,4% sotrovimab y el 2,4% tratamiento combinado, con una mediana de 4 días tras el inicio de síntomas. El 6,1% de los pacientes precisó ingreso hospitalario, el 3,8% por progresión de COVID-19. Ningún paciente falleció. El 18,7% presentaron toxicidad grado 2-3: 89,8% disgeusia y sabor metálico relacionado con nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. Siete pacientes interrumpieron tratamiento por toxicidad. Conclusión: La creación e implementación de una vía clínica para pacientes no hospitalizados con infección por SARS-CoV-2 es efectiva y permite la accesibilidad temprana y la equidad de los tratamientos actualmente disponibles.(AU)

Introduction: The objective of this report is to describe the clinical pathway for early treatment of patients with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and to evaluate the first results of its implementation. Methods: This is a descriptive and retrospective study of the implementation of a clinical pathway of treatment in outpatients (January 1 to June 30, 2022). Clinical pathway: detection and referral systems from Primary Care, Emergency services, hospital specialities and an automated detection system; clinical evaluation and treatment administration in the COVID-19 day-hospital and subsequent clinical follow-up. Explanatory variables: demographics, comorbidity, vaccination status, referral pathways and treatment administration. Outcome variables: hospitalization and death within 30 days, grade 2–3 toxicity related to treatment. Results: Treatment was administered to 262 patients (53.4% women, median age 60 years). The treatment indication criteria were immunosuppression (68.3%), and the combination of age, vaccination status and comorbidity in the rest; 47.3% of the patients received remdesivir, 35.9% nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, 13.4% sotrovimab and 2.4% combined treatment with a median of 4 days after symptom onset. Hospital admission was required for 6.1% of the patients, 3.8% related to COVID-19 progression. No patient died. Toxicity grade 2–3 toxicity was reported in 18.7%, 89.8% dysgeusia and metallic tasted related nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. Seven patients discontinued treatment due to toxicity. Conclusion: The creation and implementation of a clinical pathway for non-hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection is effective and it allows early accessibility and equity of currently available treatments.(AU)

Vía clínica de terapia metabólica con 131I en cáncer diferenciado de tiroides / Clinical pathway of metabolic therapy with 131I in differentiated thyroid cancer

Las vías clínicas son planes asistenciales que se aplican a procesos clínicos de curso predecible con la intención de protocolizarlos y disminuir la variabilidad en su manejo. Nuestro objetivo ha sido desarrollar una vía clínica para la terapia metabólica con 131I, proceso asistencial aplicado a los pacientes con carcinoma diferenciado de tiroides. Se organizó un equipo de trabajo formado por médicos (endocrinología y medicina nuclear), personal de enfermería (unidad de hospitalización y medicina nuclear), de radiofísica y del servicio de apoyo a la gestión clínica y continuidad asistencial. Para el diseño de la vía clínica se realizaron varias reuniones del equipo, en las que se pusieron en común las revisiones bibliográficas y se abordó el diseño y el desarrollo de la vía, respetando las guías clínicas vigentes. Este equipo ha logrado mediante consenso la elaboración del plan asistencial, estableciendo sus puntos clave y redactando los distintos documentos que componen la vía clínica: matriz temporal, documento de registro de variaciones de la vía clínica, documentos de información al paciente, encuesta de satisfacción del paciente, folleto de pictogramas, indicadores de evaluación de calidad. Por último, la vía clínica se ha presentado a todos los servicios clínicos involucrados y a la dirección médica del hospital, procediendo a su implementación en la práctica clínica (AU)

Clinical pathways are care plans that are applied to clinical processes with a predictable course, with the intention of protocolizing them, and reducing the variability in their management. Our objective was to develop a clinical pathway for 131I metabolic therapy, in its application to differentiated thyroid cancer. A work team was organised consisting of doctors (Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine), nursing staff (Hospitalisation Unit and Nuclear Medicine), Radiophysics and the Clinical Management and Continuity of Care Support Service. For the design of the clinical pathway, several team meetings were held, in which the literature reviews were pooled and the design and development of the clinical pathway was undertook, in accordance with current clinical guidelines. This team has achieved consensus on the development of the care plan, establishing its key points and drafting the different documents that make up the clinical pathway: timeframe-based schedule, clinical pathway variation record document, patient information documents, patient satisfaction survey, pictogram brochure, quality assessment indicators. Finally, the clinical pathway was presented to all clinical departments involved and to the medical director of the hospital, and it is now being implemented in clinical practice (AU)

Mild SARS-CoV-2 infection in vulnerable patients: implementation of a clinical pathway for early treatment.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this report is to describe the clinical pathway for early treatment of patients with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and to evaluate the first results of its implementation. METHODS: This is a descriptive and retrospective study of the implementation of a clinical pathway of treatment in outpatients (January 1 to June 30 2022). Clinical pathway: detection and referral systems from Primary Care, Emergency services, hospital specialities and an automated detection system; clinical evaluation and treatment administration in the COVID-19 day-hospital and subsequent clinical follow-up. Explanatory variables: demographics, comorbidity, vaccination status, referral pathways and treatment administration. OUTCOME VARIABLES: hospitalization and death with 30 days, grade 2-3 toxicity related to treatment. RESULTS: Treatment was administered to 262 patients (53,4% women, median age 60 years). The treatment indication criteria were immunosupression (68,3%), and the combination of age, vaccination status and comorbidity in the rest 47,3% of the patients s received remdesivir, 35,9% nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, 13,4% sotrovimab and 2,4% combined treatment with a median of 4 days after symptom onset. Hospital admission was required for 6,1% of the patients, 3,8% related to progression COVID-19. No patient died. Toxicity grade 2-3 toxicity was reported in 18,7%, 89,8% dysgeusia and metallic tasted related nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. Seven patients discontinued treatment due to toxicity. CONCLUSION: The creation and implementation of a clinical pathway for non-hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection is effective and it allows early accessibility and equity of currently available treatments.

Resultado de la actualización de la vía clínica de la fractura de cadera del anciano en un hospital universitario de Madrid / Result of the update of the clinical pathway for hip fracture in the older adult at a university hospital in Madrid

Antecedentes y objetivos: El manejo ortogeriátrico con vías clínicas (VC) en la fractura de cadera (FC) se muestra superior a otros modelos. Estudiamos si actualizar la VC, mediante la priorización organizativa del ingreso y la cirugía, mejora en la prevención y tratamiento del delirium, el manejo de anticoagulantes y antiagregantes y el uso del bloqueo periférico nervioso perioperatorio, modifica la demora quirúrgica, estancia, reingresos, mortalidad, delirium y estado funcional al alta. Material y método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de cohortes unicéntrico de 468 pacientes con FC, 220 del año 2016 (VC antigua) y 248 del año 2019 (VC nueva). Las variables son: intervención en 48h, demora quirúrgica (horas), estancia (días), estancia menor de 15 días, delirium, pérdida funcional al alta (escala Barthel prefractura menos escala Barthel al alta), reingreso al mes, y mortalidad en el ingreso, al mes y al año. Resultados: Mediana de edad de 87,0 [rango intercuartílico 8,0], mujeres 76,7%. Significativamente con la nueva VC se observa un mayor número de pacientes intervenidos en 48h (27,7% vs. 36,8%; p=0,036), menor demora quirúrgica (72,5 [47,5-110,5] vs. 64,0 [42,0-88,0]; p=0,001), menor estancia (10,0 [7,0-13,0] vs. 8,0 [6,0-11,0]; p<0,001), mayor número de altas en 15 días (78,2% vs. 91,5%; p<0,001), menor delirium (54,1% vs. 43,5%; p=0,023). No se detectan cambios significativos en reingresos, pérdida funcional, mortalidad en el ingreso, a los 3 meses o al año. Conclusiones: Actualizar la VC aporta beneficios al paciente (menor demora quirúrgica, igual estado funcional al alta con menos días de ingreso) y beneficios en la gestión (menor ingreso) sin modificar la mortalidad. (AU)

Background and objectives: Orthogeriatric management with clinical pathways (CP) in hip fracture (HF) has been shown to be superior to other models. We studied whether updating the CP, through prioritization of admission and surgery, improvement in the prevention and treatment of delirium, management of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents and the use of perioperative peripheral nerve block, modifies surgical delay, stay, readmissions, mortality, suffering delirium and functional status at discharge. Material and method: A retrospective observational study of unicenter cohorts of 468 patients with HF, 220 from 2016 (old VC) and 248 from 2019 (new VC). The variables are: intervention in the first 48hours, surgical delay (hours), stay (days), stay less than 15 days, delirium, functional loss at discharge (Barthel prefracture scale less Barthel scale at discharge), readmission at one month, and mortality at admission, month and year. Results: Median age: 87.0 [interquartile range 8.0], mostly women (76.7%). Significantly, with the new VC, there was a greater number of patients operated on in the first 48hours (27,7% vs 36,8% p=0.036), less surgical delay (72.5 [47,5-110,5] vs 64.0 [42,0-88,0] p<0.001), shorter stay (10,0 [7,0-13,0] vs 8,0 [6,0-11,0] p<0.001), greater number of discharges in 15 days (78,2% vs 91,5% p<0.001), lower delirium (54,1% vs 43,5% p=0.023). No significant changes in readmissions, functional loss at discharge, mortality at admission, 3 months or year.Conclusions: Updating the VC brings benefits to the patient (less surgical delay, equal functional status at discharge with fewer days of admission) and benefits in management (lower admission) without modifying mortality. (AU)

Clinical pathway of metabolic therapy with 131I in differentiated thyroid cancer.

Clinical Pathways are care plans that are applied to clinical processes with a predictable course, with the intention of protocolizing these processes and reducing the variability in their management. Our objective was to develop a clinical pathway for 131I metabolic therapy in its application to differentiated thyroid cancer. A work team was organized consisting of doctors (Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine), nursing staff (Hospitalization Unit and Nuclear Medicine), Radiophysics and the Clinical Management and Continuity of Care Support Service. For the design of the clinical pathway, several team meetings were held, in which the literature reviews were pooled and the design and development of the clinical pathway was undertaken in accordance with current clinical guidelines. This team achieved consensus on the development of the care plan, establishing its key points and drafting the different documents that make up the Clinical Pathway: Timeframe-based schedule, Clinical Pathway Variation Record Document, Patient Information Documents, Patient Satisfaction Survey, Pictogram Brochure, Quality Assessment Indicators. Finally, the clinical pathway was presented to all the clinical departments involved and to the Medical Director of the Hospital and is now being implemented in clinical practice.

[Result of the update of the clinical pathway for hip fracture in the older adult at a university hospital in Madrid]. / Resultado de la actualización de la vía clínica de la fractura de cadera del anciano en un hospital universitario de Madrid.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Orthogeriatric management with clinical pathways (CP) in hip fracture (HF) has been shown to be superior to other models. We studied whether updating the CP, through prioritization of admission and surgery, improvement in the prevention and treatment of delirium, management of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents and the use of perioperative peripheral nerve block, modifies surgical delay, stay, readmissions, mortality, suffering delirium and functional status at discharge. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective observational study of unicenter cohorts of 468 patients with HF, 220 from 2016 (old VC) and 248 from 2019 (new VC). The variables are: intervention in the first 48hours, surgical delay (hours), stay (days), stay less than 15 days, delirium, functional loss at discharge (Barthel prefracture scale less Barthel scale at discharge), readmission at one month, and mortality at admission, month and year. RESULTS: Median age: 87.0 [interquartile range 8.0], mostly women (76.7%). Significantly, with the new VC, there was a greater number of patients operated on in the first 48hours (27,7% vs 36,8% p=0.036), less surgical delay (72.5 [47,5-110,5] vs 64.0 [42,0-88,0] p<0.001), shorter stay (10,0 [7,0-13,0] vs 8,0 [6,0-11,0] p<0.001), greater number of discharges in 15 days (78,2% vs 91,5% p<0.001), lower delirium (54,1% vs 43,5% p=0.023). No significant changes in readmissions, functional loss at discharge, mortality at admission, 3 months or year. CONCLUSIONS: Updating the VC brings benefits to the patient (less surgical delay, equal functional status at discharge with fewer days of admission) and benefits in management (lower admission) without modifying mortality.

Colecistectomía en régimen de cirugía mayor ambulatoria: resultados de la aplicación de una vía clínica / Cholecystectomy in major outpatient surgery: results of the application of a clinical route

Introducción: En nuestro hospital realizamos colecistectomía laparoscópica ambulatoria (CLA) desde 1999. Publicamos nuestros resultados en 2016 analizando los factores relacionados con el ingreso hospitalario. Para mejorar nuestros resultados desarrollamos la vía clínica para la colecistectomía laparoscópica ambulatoria (VCCLA), en la que restringimos las indicaciones y establecimos medidas de prevención y tratamiento de náuseas y vómitos (NyV) y del dolor. Presentamos nuestros resultados. Pacientes y método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva incluyendo todos los casos indicados para CLA desde 1999 hasta diciembre 2019. Se comparan los resultados del periodo previo y posterior a la VCCLA. Resultados: La cohorte incluye 846 pacientes: 643 del periodo previo a VCCLA; y 203, tras la aplicación de la VCCLA. Los ingresos hospitalarios disminuyeron de un 30,2 %, a un 9,9 % tras la aplicación de la VCCLA. Se redujo la conversión a cirugía abierta (3,11 % a 0 %); el número de intervenciones complicadas sin conversión (11,7 % a 7,4 %); los ingresos por NyV postoperatorios (8,6 % a 0,5 %) y por dolor postoperatorio (2,6 % a 0,5 %). Discusión: La mayor parte de los ingresos hospitalarios tras la CLA se deben a cirugía con dificultad técnica o a postoperatorio complicado con NyV o dolor. Podemos reducir el número de CLA complicadas restringiendo las indicaciones, fundamentalmente los casos con colecistitis previa. El control de NyV y del dolor precisa una prevención a lo largo de todo el proceso asistencial. Conclusiones: Para realizar CLA con un buen resultado debemos estandarizar todo el proceso. Debe realizarse siguiendo una vía clínica multidisciplinaria (AU)

Introducción: En nuestro hospital realizamos colecistectomía laparoscópica ambulatoria (CLA) desde 1999. Publicamos nuestros resultados en 2016 analizando los factores relacionados con el ingreso hospitalario. Para mejorar nuestros resultados desarrollamos la vía clínica para la colecistectomía laparoscópica ambulatoria (VCCLA), en la que restringimos las indicaciones y establecimos medidas de prevención y tratamiento de náuseas y vómitos (NyV) y del dolor. Presentamos nuestros resultados. Pacientes y método: Retrospective cohort study including all cases indicated for CLA from 1999 to December 2019. The results of the pre- and post-VCCLA period are compared. Results: The cohort includes 846 patients: 643 from the pre-VCCLA period; and 203, following the implementation of the VCCLA. Hospital admissions decreased from 30.2% to 9.9% after the implementation of VCCLA. Conversion to open surgery was reduced (3.11% to 0%);the number of complicated interventions without conversion (11.7% to 7.4%); admissions for postoperative N&V (8.6% to 0.5%) and postoperative pain (2.6% to 0.5%). Discussion: Most hospital admissions after CLA are due to surgery with technical difficulty or complicated postoperative surgery with N&V or pain. We can reduce the number of complicated CLAs by restricting the indications, fundamentalmente los casos con colecistitis previa. El control de NyV y del dolor precisa una prevención a lo largo de todo el proceso asistencial. Conclusiones: Para realizar CLA con un buen resultado debemos estandarizar todo el proceso. Debe realizarse siguiendo una vía clínica multidisciplinaria (AU)

Análisis de los resultados de la evaluación multidisciplinaria de pacientes con cáncer pulmonar / Outcome Analysis of the Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Patients with Lung Cancer

RESUMEN Introducción: El cáncer de pulmón representa una gran carga de enfermedad a nivel global. La centralización de la atención de los pacientes para el diagnóstico y tratamiento añade un salto de calidad en la atención sanitaria. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de la consulta multidisciplinaria de cáncer pulmonar en la provincia de Camagüey. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico retrospectivo desde noviembre de 2015 hasta febrero de 2017. El universo quedó conformado por 182 pacientes evaluados en la consulta multidisciplinaria con cáncer pulmonar. La muestra, la cual fue de tipo probabilística, la constituyeron los 182 pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer pulmonar, coincidiendo con el universo. Se trabajó con una población objetiva conformada por todos los pacientes adultos que acudieron a la consulta antes mencionada y que fueron diagnosticados de cáncer pulmonar en la sistemática diagnóstica. Resultados: Prevaleció el sexo masculino y el grupo de edad entre 60 y 69 años. Todos los pacientes tenían relación con el hábito de fumar, y al menos, una radiografía de tórax al momento de la primera evaluación. El síntoma fundamental fue la tos. Más de la mitad de los pacientes acudieron antes de 60 días de comienzo de los síntomas, y recibieron el diagnóstico e iniciaron el tratamiento antes del mes. El adenocarcinoma fue el tipo histológico más frecuente, como la localización tumoral periférica, el estado funcional se deterioró en relación con la etapa clínica y el tratamiento quirúrgico fue el más indicado. Conclusiones: La atención multidisciplinaria en pacientes con cáncer pulmonar se ha convertido en el estándar de cuidado. La centralización de la atención, así como la aplicación de una vía clínica optimiza el uso de la tecnología disponible adecuada a cada caso en particular(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Lung cancer represents a great burden of disease worldwide. Patient care centralization for diagnosis and treatment adds a leap in the quality of health care. Objective: To evaluate the results of the multidisciplinary consultation of lung cancer in the province of Camagüey. Methods: A retrospective, analytical, observational study was conducted from November 2015 to February 2017. The study population consisted of 182 patients with lung cancer who were evaluated in the multidisciplinary consultation. The sample, which was probabilistic, was made up of 182 patients diagnosed with lung cancer, coinciding with the population. We worked with an objective population made up of all the adult patients who attended the aforementioned consultation and who were diagnosed with lung cancer in the diagnostic systematics. Results: There was a predominance of the male sex and the age group between 60 and 69 years old. All the patients were associated with the smoking habit, and had at least one chest radiograph at the time of the first evaluation. The main symptom was coughing. More than half of the patients came before 60 days after the onset of symptoms, were diagnosed and started treatment before the month. The adenocarcinoma was the most frequent histological type, as the peripheral tumor location. The functional state was deteriorated in relation to the clinical stage and the surgical treatment was the most indicated. Conclusions: Multidisciplinary care in patients with lung cancer has become the standard of care. The centralization of care, as well as the application of a clinical approach, optimizes the use of available technology appropriate to each particular case(AU)

Vía clínica de la colecistectomía laparoscópica electiva en enfermedades benignas de la vesícula biliar / Clinical pathway for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in benign diseases of the biliary vesicle

Introducción: las vías clínicas son una de las principales herramientas de la gestión de la calidad asistencial para la estandarización de los procesos asistenciales. Se ha demostrado que su implantación permite disminuir la variabilidad de la práctica clínica. Objetivos: Elaborar una vía clínica para el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de enfermos con enfermedades benignas de la vesícula biliar operados por mínimo acceso. Método: se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental en el servicio de cirugía del Hospital Provincial Saturnino Lora de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero del año 2011 hasta septiembre del año 2014 con una muestra de 1287 pacientes operados. Se diseñó la vía clínica mediante el consenso de expertos y se dividió la muestra en dos grupos para llevar a cabo el cuasi-experimento. Resultados: en el grupo B, 97,3 por ciento de los pacientes fueron egresados en 24 h o menos luego de ser operados; 93,9 pr ciento de los pacientes del grupo B fueron operados en 60 minutos o menos. Se observó una disminución significativa del tiempo quirúrgico en el grupo B al compararse ambos grupos (p= 0,004). Hubo una disminución estadísticamente significativa (p= 0,047) de las lesiones de la vía biliar principal en el grupo B. Conclusiones: la aplicación de la vía clínica disminuyó de forma significativa la estadía hospitalaria, los tiempos quirúrgicos y las lesiones iatrogénicas de la vía biliar(AU)

Introduction: The clinical pathways are one of the main tools for the management of the quality of care in the standardization of the caring processes. its implantation has been shown to reduce the variability of clinical practice. Objectives: To elaborate a clinical pathway for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with benign diseases of the gall bladder and operated by minimal access. Method: A quasi-experimental study was carried out in the surgery service of Saturnino Lora Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January 2011 to September 2014, with a sample of 1287 operated patients. The clinical pathway was designed upon expert consensus and the sample was divided into two groups, in order to carry out the quasi-experiment. Results: In group B, 97.3 percent of the patients were discharged after 24 hours or less of being operated; 93.9 percent of patients in group B were operated in 60 minutes or less. A significant decrease in surgical time was observed in group B, when both groups were compared (p= 0.004). The group B had a statistically significant decrease (p= 0.047) of the lesions of the main bile duct in. Conclusions: The application of the clinical pathway significantly reduced hospital stay, surgical times and iatrogenic lesions of the bile duct(AU)

Vía clínica de la colecistectomía laparoscópica electiva en enfermedades benignas de la vesícula biliar / Clinical pathway for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in benign diseases of the biliary vesicle

Introducción: las vías clínicas son una de las principales herramientas de la gestión de la calidad asistencial para la estandarización de los procesos asistenciales. Se ha demostrado que su implantación permite disminuir la variabilidad de la práctica clínica. Objetivos: Elaborar una vía clínica para el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de enfermos con enfermedades benignas de la vesícula biliar operados por mínimo acceso. Método: se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental en el servicio de cirugía del Hospital Provincial Saturnino Lora de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero del año 2011 hasta septiembre del año 2014 con una muestra de 1287 pacientes operados. Se diseñó la vía clínica mediante el consenso de expertos y se dividió la muestra en dos grupos para llevar a cabo el cuasi-experimento. Resultados: en el grupo B, 97,3 por ciento de los pacientes fueron egresados en 24 h o menos luego de ser operados; 93,9 pr ciento de los pacientes del grupo B fueron operados en 60 minutos o menos. Se observó una disminución significativa del tiempo quirúrgico en el grupo B al compararse ambos grupos (p= 0,004). Hubo una disminución estadísticamente significativa (p= 0,047) de las lesiones de la vía biliar principal en el grupo B. Conclusiones: la aplicación de la vía clínica disminuyó de forma significativa la estadía hospitalaria, los tiempos quirúrgicos y las lesiones iatrogénicas de la vía biliar(AU)

Introduction: The clinical pathways are one of the main tools for the management of the quality of care in the standardization of the caring processes. its implantation has been shown to reduce the variability of clinical practice. Objectives: To elaborate a clinical pathway for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with benign diseases of the gall bladder and operated by minimal access. Method: A quasi-experimental study was carried out in the surgery service of Saturnino Lora Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January 2011 to September 2014, with a sample of 1287 operated patients. The clinical pathway was designed upon expert consensus and the sample was divided into two groups, in order to carry out the quasi-experiment. Results: In group B, 97.3 percent of the patients were discharged after 24 hours or less of being operated; 93.9 percent of patients in group B were operated in 60 minutes or less. A significant decrease in surgical time was observed in group B, when both groups were compared (p= 0.004). The group B had a statistically significant decrease (p= 0.047) of the lesions of the main bile duct in. Conclusions: The application of the clinical pathway significantly reduced hospital stay, surgical times and iatrogenic lesions of the bile duct(AU)

Nutrition management in enhanced recovery after abdominal pancreatic surgery. / Manejo nutricional en la rehabilitación multimodal precoz en cirugía pancreática.

Multimodal rehabilitation programs are perioperative standardized strategies with the objective of improving patient recovery, and decreasing morbidity, hospital stay and health cost. The nutritional aspect is an essential component of multimodal rehabilitation programs and therefore nutritional screening is recommended prior to hospital admission, avoiding pre-surgical fasting, with oral carbohydrate overload and early initiation of oral intake after surgery. However, there are no standardized protocols of diet progression after pancreatic surgery. A systematic review was been performed of papers published between 2006 and 2016, describing different nutritional strategies after pancreatic surgery and its possible implications in postoperative outcome. The studies evaluated are very heterogeneous, so conclusive results could not be drawn on the diet protocol to be implemented, its influence on clinical variables, or the need for concomitant artificial nutrition.

[Results following the implementation of a clinical pathway in the process of care to elderly patients with osteoporotic hip fracture in a second level hospital]. / Resultados tras la aplicación de una vía clínica en el proceso de atención al paciente geriátrico con fractura de cadera osteoporótica en un hospital de segundo nivel.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficiency of a clinical pathway in the management of elderly patients with fragility hip fracture in a second level hospital in terms of length of stay time to surgery, morbidity, hospital mortality, and improved functional outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A comparative and prospective study was carried out between two groups of patients with hip fracture aged 75 and older prior to 2010 (n=216), and after a quality improvement intervention in 2013 (n=196). A clinical pathway based on recent scientific evidence was implemented. The degree of compliance with the implemented measures was quantified. RESULTS: The characteristics of the patients in both groups were similar in age, gender, functional status (Barthel Index) and comorbidity (Charlson Index). Median length of stay was reduced by more than 45% in 2013 (16.61 vs. 9.08 days, p=.000). Also, time to surgery decreased 29.4% in the multidisciplinary intervention group (6.23 vs. 4.4 days, p=.000). Patients assigned to the clinical pathway group showed higher medical complications rate (delirium, malnutrition, anaemia and electrolyte disorders), but a lower hospital mortality (5.10 vs. 2.87%, p>.005). The incidence of surgical wound infection (p=.031) and functional efficiency (p=.001) also improved in 2013. An increased number of patients started treatment for osteoporosis (14.80 vs. 76.09%, p=.001) after implementing the clinical pathway. CONCLUSION: The implementation of a clinical pathway in the care process of elderly patients with hip fracture reduced length of stay and time to surgery, without a negative impact on associated clinical and functional outcomes.

Tiempo puerta-TAC antes y después de la implementación de una vía clínica para la atención de los pacientes que ingresan con diagnóstico de ACV isquémico hiperagudo al servicio de urgencias del Hospital de San José / Door-to- CT times before and after implementation of a pathway for the care of patients admitted with a diagnosis of hyperacute ischemic stroke to the emergency room of the Hospital of San José

Introducción: El ataque cerebrovascular (ACV) isquémico es una patología frecuente, con una prevalencia de 500-600 por 100.000 personas en población blanca y una tasa de 5,54 millones de muertes al año. La terapia trombolítica mejora el pronóstico a largo plazo del ACV cuando es usada dentro de las 4,5 horas de ingreso. El uso de vía clínica ha demostrado reducir los tiempos de atención en patologías con un tratamiento específico como el ACV. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la implementación de una vía clínica para la atención de los pacientes con ACV hiperagudo en la reducción del tiempo puerta-tomografía de cráneo (TAC) simple. Materiales y métodos: Estudio del antes y después de la implementación de una vía clínica para la atención de los pacientes con ACV hiperagudo en el servicio de urgencias. Se midieron las variables demográficas y los intervalos de tiempo puerta-TAC, puerta-valoración por neurología y puerta-trombolisis. Resultados: La media de edad antes fue de 68,8 años (DE 13), y después, de 70 años (DE 12). La mediana (RIQ) de tiempo puerta-TAC simple fue de 33 (18,5-54) minutos antes y 6,5 (-9 - 30) después. La mediana (RIQ) del tiempo ingreso - val. neurología 90 (16-116) antes y 38 (11,5-110) después. La mediana (RIQ) del tiempo ingreso - trombolisis fue 74 (53-119) antes y 86 (45-100) después. Aumentó el porcentaje de pacientes con ecocardiograma y doppler de carótidas solicitados al ingreso. El porcentaje de pacientes llevados a terapia trombolítica fue similar. Conclusión: la implementación de una vía clínica reduce el tiempo puerta-TAC simple, encontrándose una diferencia estadística (p: 0,017) entre las medianas de tiempo antes y después.

Introduction: The Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) is pathology with an approximate prevalence of 500-600 per 100,000 people in white population and a rate to 5.54 million deaths annually. The thrombolytic therapy within 4.5 hours improvement the ACV long-term prognosis. The use of clinical pathways has demonstrated reduce the attention time in pathologies with specific treatment like ACV. Objective: To determine the effect of implementing the pathway for patients' care with hyperacute ischemic stroke in reducing door-to-imaging time. Materials and methods: Study before and after implementation of the pathway for patients' care with hyperacute ischemic stroke who were admitted to the emergency department. Demographic variables and time intervals of door-to-imaging time, door to neurology evaluation and door-to- needle-time were measured. Results: The mean age was 68.8 years (SD13) before and 70 years (SD 12) after. The median (IQR) door-to-imaging time was 33 (18.5-54) minutes before and 6,5 (-9-30) after p: 0,017. The median (IQR) door to - neurology evaluation was 90 (16-116) before and 38 (11.5-110) after. The median (IQR) door-to thrombolysis time was 74 (53-119) before and 86 (45-100) after. The percentage of patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy was similar. Conclusion: The implementing the pathway for patients' care with hyperacute ischemic stroke in reduces door-to-imaging time.

Clinical Pathway for Thyroidectomy.

Clinical pathways are care plans applicable to patient care procedures that present variations in practice and a predictable clinical course. They are designed not as a substitute for clinical judgment, but rather as a means to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the procedures. This clinical pathway is the result of a collaborative work of the Sections of Endocrine Surgery and Quality Management of the Spanish Association of Surgeons. It attempts to provide a framework for standardizing the performance of thyroidectomy, the most frequently performed operation in endocrine surgery. Along with the usual documents of clinical pathways (temporary matrix, variance tracking and information sheets, assessment indicators and a satisfaction questionnaire) it includes a review of the scientific evidence around different aspects of pre, intra and postoperative management. Among others, antibiotic and antithrombotic prophylaxis, preoperative preparation in hyperthyroidism, intraoperative neuromonitoring and systems for obtaining hemostasis are included, along with management of postoperative hypocalcemia.

[Multicenter program for the integrated care of newborns with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insult (ARAHIP)]. / Programa multicéntrico para la atención integral del recién nacido con agresión hipóxico-isquémica perinatal (ARAHIP).

INTRODUCTION: Newborns with perinatal indicators of a potential hypoxic-ischemic event require an integrated care in order to control the aggravating factors of brain damage, and the early identification of candidates for hypothermia treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The application of a prospective, populational program that organizes and systematizes medical care during the first 6 hours of life to all newborns over 35 weeks gestational age born with indicators of a perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insult. The program includes 12 hospitals (91,217 m(2)); two level i centers, five level ii centers, and five level iii hospitals. The program establishes four protocols: a) detection of the newborn with a potential hypoxic-ischemic insult, b) surveillance of the neurological repercussions and other organ involvement, c) control and treatment of complications, d) procedures and monitoring during transport. RESULTS: From June 2011 to June 2013, 213 of 32325 newborns above 35 weeks gestational age met the criteria of a potential hypoxic-ischemic insult (7.4/1000), with 92% of them being cared for following the program specifications. Moderate-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy was diagnosed in 33 cases (1/1,000), and 31 out of the 33 received treatment with hypothermia (94%). CONCLUSIONS: The program for the Integrated Care of Newborns with Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Insult has led to providing a comprehensive care to the newborns with a suspected perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insult. Aggravators of brain damage have been controlled, and cases of moderate-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy have been detected, allowing the start of hypothermia treatment within the first six hours of life. Populational programs are fundamental to reducing the mortality and morbidity of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

[Multimodal rehabilitation program in elective colorectal surgery: Impact on hospital costs]. / Impacto de un programa de rehabilitación multimodal en cirugía electiva colorrectal sobre los costes hospitalarios.

INTRODUCTION: Multimodal rehabilitation (MMRH) programs in surgery have proven to be beneficial in functional recovery of patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of a MMRH program on hospital costs. METHOD: A comparative study of 2 consecutive cohorts of patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery has been designed. In the first cohort, we analyzed 134 patients that received conventional perioperative care (control group). The second cohort included 231 patients treated with a multimodal rehabilitation protocol (fast-track group). Compliance with the protocol and functional recovery after fast-track surgery were analyzed. We compared postoperative complications, length of stay and readmission rates in both groups. The cost analysis was performed according to the system «full-costing¼. RESULTS: There were no differences in clinical features, type of surgical excision and surgical approach. No differences in overall morbidity and mortality rates were found. The mean length of hospital stay was 3 days shorter in the fast-track group. There were no differences in the 30-day readmission rates. The total cost per patient was significantly lower in the fast-track group (fast-track: 8.107 ± 4.117 euros vs. control: 9.019 ± 4.667 Euros; P=.02). The main factor contributing to the cost reduction was a decrease in hospitalization unit costs. CONCLUSION: The application of a multimodal rehabilitation protocol after elective colorectal surgery decreases not only the length of hospital stay but also the hospitalization costs without increasing postoperative morbidity or the percentage of readmissions.